Logical Model for GroundWaterML version 2.0 containing the core elements required for groundwater data. Other GWML2 application schema import this schema.
A large hydrogeologically defined body of ground typically consisting of hydraulically connected hydrogeological units, whose waters are flowing to a common or multiple outlets, and which is delimited by a groundwater divide.
Line on a water table or piezometric surface on either side of which the groundwater flow diverges. IGH0556.
Area of ground identified for groundwater management purposes and can be delineated by human factors such as policy or regulation concerns, as well as hydrogeological or hydrological concerns. Does not necessarily align exactly with hydrogeoogical or hydrological boundaries.
Geometric shape and position of management area.
Type of management area, e.g. restricted use zone, irrigation area, consumption area, etc. TBD
Type of yields (of the aquifer or management area): e.g. specific yield, safe yield, license yield etc. but excludes well yield. TBD
The licence under which the ManagementArea is managed.
Voids represent the spaces inside (hosted by) a unit or its material. E.g. the pores in an aquifer, or in the sandstone of an aquifer. Voids are hosted by a container (e.g. an aquifer), and can contain water bodies. Voids are differentiated from 'porosity' in that porosity is the proportion of void volume to total volume (i.e. container + voids), while voids are the spaces themselves. Their delineation as a distinct entity is necessary, for example, to capture the volume of fractures in an aquifer.
The material that hosts the void. Note voids can be hosted by a unit (an aquifer) or its material (e.g. sandstone).
Shape of the void.
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e.g. fractured, intergranular, etc.
Volume of the void.
A distinct body of some fluid (liquid, gas) that fills the voids of a container such as an aquifer, system of aquifers, water well, etc; in hydrogeology this body is usually constituted from groundwater, but the model allows for other types of fillers e.g. petroleum.
Flow details for the gw body.
Metadata about the flow body
Properties that characterize the groundwater body.
Observations of properties, e.g. age, temperature, density, viscosity, turbidity, color, hardness, acidity, etc. are OM_Observations
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Categorical assessment of fluid quality: e.g. saline, brackish, fresh, turbide, sulfurous, mixed, ... 1000-3000mg/l tds, etc.
A normative quality description is an assesment based upon some guideline edited by a government or a quality standard
Shape and position of the groundwater body.
Description of the volume/quantity of water present in a container at a certain time.
The susceptibility of the fluid body to specific threats such as surface contamination, etc.
A surface on a body of groundwater, for a local or regional area, e.g. piezometric, potentiometric, water table, salt wedge, etc.
Date, time, method, etc., of the observation of the surface.
Geometry / position of the surface.
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Type of gw body surface, e.g. piezometric, potentiometric, water table, salt wedge, etc.
Hydrogeologic unit (1) Any soil or rock unit or zone which by virtue of its hydraulic properties has a distinct influence on the storage or movement of groundwater (after ANS, 1980).
HydrologicUnit properties not covered by other specific properties
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Type of material or, by proximity, type of voids (granular, fracture, karstic, or mixed)
Sum of water input and output of a hydrogeologic unit, at a particular point in time, with a description of inflows and outflows.
Volumetric flow rate of water that enters an hydrogeologic unit, at potentially multiple locations.
Volumetric flow rate of water that goes out of an hydrogeologic unit, at potentially multiple locations.
Also: british punk rock group.
gw vulnerability
The susceptibility of the aquifer to specific threats such as various physical events (earthquakes), human processes (depletion), etc.
A body of ground that contains / potentially contains / potentially contained sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs (after Lohman and others, 1972).
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Water in an Aquifer is, or is not, under pressure. Based on that unconfined, confined, artesian, subartesian, or aquitard types are distinguished. (INSPIRE v3.0)
Boolean denotes whether groundwater from the hydrogeo unit is being exploited by wells or other intakes.
Boolean denotes whether the unit is the primary unit in an Aquifer System.
Modeling note: not implemented as an attribute of the AquiferSystem part relation, to avoid ConfiningBed being a primary unit.
Line on a water table or piezometric surface on either side of which the groundwater flow diverges. IGH0556
Flow system on each side of the divide.
Shape / position of the divide (line, plane or point)... intersecting a gw surface
Flow path from recharge to discharge location, through hydrogeological units, and related to a groundwater body. It is a collection or aggregation of specific flows.
Aquifer system - A body of permeable and poorly permeable material that functions regionally as a water-yielding unit; it comprises two or more permeable beds separated at least locally by confining beds that impede groundwater movement but do not greatly affect the regional hydraulic continuity of the system; includes both saturated and unsaturated parts of permeable material (after ASCE, 1985).
True if this aquifer / system is a layered system.
A layer of rock having very low porosity and in consequence hydraulic conductivity that hampers the movement of water into and out of an aquifer (Heath 1983)
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Degree of confinement (typically: "Unconfined-Confined", "Partially Confined").
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Degree of confinement (e.g. aquiclude).
Properties inherent in the relation between a hydrogeologic unit and a void, related to the proportion of voids to the unit (porosity) or to the connectivity / size of openings of the voids within the unit (intrinsic permeability).
Refers to intrinsic permeability: a measure of a material's ability to allow fluid flow that is independent of fluid properties, and based on connectivity of pores and size of their openings.
Not hydraulic conductivity.
"Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume (i.e. material + voids)" (after Wikipedia) Types of porosity include: specific, effective, etc.
Voids are differentiated from 'porosity' in that porosity is the proportion of void volume to total volume (i.e. container + voids), while voids are the spaces themselves.
Measure of the proportion of volume occupied by a void over the the total volume of material + voids (e.g. the material of an aquifer + its pores).
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A measured or calculated physical or hydraulic property that can be inherent in either an aquifer or its material, and some fluid body, e.g. hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, storativity, permeability, porosity.
Note: in part called AquiferProperty in the FeatureList.
Hydraulic conductivity describes how easily a fluid can move through the voids in a material. It can be measured by applying Darcy's law on the material. Such experiments can be conducted by creating a hydraulic gradient between two points, and measuring the flow rate (Oosterbaan and Nijland[1]). (Wikipedia)
Storativity is the volume of water released from storage per unit decline in hydraulic head in the aquifer, per unit area of the aquifer. (gwml1)
The rate which groundwater flows horizontally through an aquifer, based on hydraulic conductivity and container thickness. (Wikipedia)
Measurement of the yield in units of volume per unit of time.
Type of yields (of the aquifer or management area): e.g. specific yield, safe yield, etc. but excludes well yield. TBD
A licence giving permission to drill, extract or use groundwater.
Identifier of the licence
Role of the licence
Groundwater volume associated with the licence.
The period of time for which the licence is valid