Aviation |
Future Aviation |
Airport Weather, Optimal Flight Path |
1: Future Aviation |
Aviation |
Current Aviation |
Airport Weather, Optimal Flight Path |
2: Current Aviation |
Routine Forecast Production |
Severe Weather Elements |
Wind, Rain, Snow, Ice, Extreme High or Low Temperatures, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes |
3: Routine Operational Forecasting in Support of Severe Weather Warning Service |
Emergency Response |
Severe Weather Elements |
Wind, Rain, Snow, Ice, Extreme High or Low Temperatures, Thunderstorms, Tornadoes |
3: Routine Operational Forecasting in Support of Severe Weather Warning Service |
Emergency Response |
Hurricane |
Track, Intensity, Landfall. Probabalistic, often using ensembles |
4: Multi-Model Ensemble Forecasting to Reduce or Mitigate Impacts of Landfalling Hurricane |
Routine Decision Support |
Forecast-based Decision Support |
Most meteorological parameters |
5: Routine Decision Support for Winter Highways Maintenance |
Routine Decision Support |
Climatology Based Decision Support |
Most meteorological parameters |
6: Seasonal, Decadal & Climate Prediction Impact Assessment |
Routine Decision Support |
Climate Prediction Based Decision Support |
Primarily temperature, Precipitation |
7: Climate Assessment based on Past Data |
Emergency Response |
Wildfire |
Trigger Risk, Spread |
8: Integration of Weather Data with Efforts to Combat Wildfires |
Environmental Science Campaign |
Sustained Environmental Science Campaign |
Large international activity, involving a large number of organsations, lasting months |
9: Sustained Environmental Science Campaign |
Routine Forecast Production |
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10: Automated Steering of High-resolution Local Weather Forecast Models |
Emergency Response |
River Flooding |
Fluvial, but including Flash-Flood (in 'River Canyons') and Longer Term Flooding |
11. Flood Forecasting |
Emergency Response |
Plume |
Fire, Chemical Release, Nuclear Release, Volcanic Eruption, Saharan dust (e.g. methodology for the identification of natural african dust episodes in PM10 and PM2.5, as the exceedances of the PM10 daily limit value need reporting under EU air quality legislation) |
12: Plume Forecasting in Support of Emergency Response |
Emergency Response |
Coastal Flooding |
Height of Surge, Height of 'Total Water', Probability of Exceedence of Thresholds. "Storm-Surge" is the interaction of tides with action of wind and pressure; negative surges also important as a shipping hazard; Probabalistic estimates are obtained from ensembles |
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Emergency Response |
Avalanche |
Risk of Occurence |
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Environmental Science Campaign |
Short Environmental Science Campaign |
Small number ot organisations, lasting only a few days |
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